CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis in Phlebotomus papatasi: the Immune Deficiency Pathway Impacts Vector Competence for Leishmania major

ABSTRACT Sand flies are the natural vectors for the Leishmania species that produce a spectrum of diseases in their mammalian hosts, including humans.Studies of sand fly/Leishmania interactions have been limited by the absence of genome editing techniques applicable to these insects.In this report, we adapted CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced

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Behind-the-horizon excitations from a single 2d CFT

Abstract In this work, we consider the atypical non-equilibrium state found in [1708.06328] which holographically represents a behind-the-horizon excitation in a black hole spacetime.The special feature of this state is that it looks like an equilibrium state when probed by a class of low-energy operators.First, we retrieve this property using the

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